In “The qualitative research interview” by Barbara
DiCicco-Bloom & Benjamin F Crabtree, it described the interviewing process
in order to obtain qualitative data.
DiCicco-Bloom and Cabtree touches on the types of qualitative
interviews, how to develop rapport with the interviewees and looking into
ethical issues within the interviewing process.
DiCicco-Bloom and Cabtree make sure to mention that
the “person being interviewed is more like a participant in meaning making
rather than a conduit from which information is received”. The two types of qualitative interviews
discussed were unstructured and semi structured. With unstructured
interviewing, it can almost be considered a guided conversation. The
researchers will pick participants and then will interview and observe them
over a period of time. The semi structured interviews, a lot of the times,
could be the sole data source for the research project. With this type of
interview there will be a scheduled time and location to meet. Semi structured
in depth interviewing can occur individually or in a group, conducted with open
ended questions. Usually this lasts 30 minutes and it gives the interviewer a
chance to really delve into some deep issues. Individual in depth interviews
will a lot of the time involve health care researchers. This lets the
researchers get to know their individual opinions and attitudes of the issue
presented.
In developing rapport, DiCicco-Bloom and Cabtree state
that it is important to start the interviews with broad open ended questions,
and then start prompting the interviewee. It is important to get engaged with
the participant, but making sure you steer clear of leading questions. Some ethical problems that may present
itself during or after the interview consists of four issues. Firstly is to
reduce the risk of unanticipated harm. The interviewer must be prepared or have
a professional to aid in psychological support. With all research, the question
arises how much is actually kept confidential. Even with the second ethical
issues to prevent being to protect their information, it still makes one wonder
if they truly abide by these standards. I would want to make sure what you are
telling them is confidential and they have read the limits of confidentiality
to you. Thirdly is to inform the interviewee about the nature of the study.
Make sure they know the intent and what you are ultimately looking for. Also,
make sure they are not exploited when you use their data they present you with.
Netting and Kettner’s(2012) focus in Chapter 6 is to
discuss the framework for community assessment. The framework is divided into
three tasks. The first task is to focus on the target population, the second
task is to determine community characteristics, and the third and final task is
to identify community structure. While completing task 1 it is important to
identify the ‘target population’. This population will be the individuals who
are experiencing problems or needs and can benefit from some type of social
change. It is important to take the population who is most vulnerable and in
need, but also important to not take on more than can be handled. After
deciding on a population, it is important to look at the characteristics of
said population, and to assess their needs.
Next we would move on to task 2, which is determining
the community characteristics. This means looking at boundaries such as
strengths, issues, social problems and values within the community. This is a
good opportunity to look into what issues have arisen in the past and how they
have been handles, what worked and what didn’t work. During task 2 it is
important to identify formal and covert means of oppression and discrimination.
Look at the differences among the community and consider the barriers.
Lastly is Task 3, which is identifying community
structure. With this task, one should recognize the sources of power and
resource availability. This just means you will be looking into the
jurisdiction of the targeted population and looking at who is controlling their
funds. Utilizing these three tasks can help to ensure you are including the
right population and you are developing information to a
deeper level.
You summed up both of the readings very well. :) There was a ton of information in the Chapter 6 reading, and it really emphasized focusing on the positives/strengths of the communities we are exploring, which ties in to what our other classes are currently teaching us.
ReplyDeleteI also thought you broke down the readings very well. It is really important that we think about ethical problems that could arise when engaging in an interview with someone. I like how you summarized the tasks in Ch. 6. because these are all important tasks that we will see ourselves faced with in the future and things we should be thinking about when educating ourselves about the communities we are studying.
ReplyDeleteThanks for the awesome summary!! One of things I liked about this article is that it reminded me that the interviewing process is not a fact-finding enterprise done in a vacuum, but the interviewer's presence may affect what information is obtained and how it is obtained.
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